Vale, formerly known as Companhia Vale do Rio Doce or CVRD, was a state-owned business until 1998, when it was privatized. Shortly after privatization, in 2001, there was a change in the control group, which led to a much stronger focus on growth, rather than on dividend generation. This new strategic direction made it possible for Vale to increase its market capitalization from USD 8 billion in 2001 to more than USD 160 billion by the end of 2010.
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